Loneliness during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Patients with Burning Mouth Syndrome: A Multicentric Case-Control Italian Study

<div>Flow chart of the study. BMS: burning mouth syndrome; BMI: body mass index; GHQ-12: 12-Item General Health Questionnaire; DASS-21: Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21; ISI: Insomnia Severity Index; ULS-8: UCLA Loneliness Scale-8; MSPSS: Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support; SIDAS: Suicidal Ideation Attribute Scale; NRS: Numeric Rating Scale; SF-MPQ: short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire.</div>

Depression and Anxiety

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Figure 1

Figure 1: Loneliness during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Patients with Burning Mouth Syndrome: A Multicentric Case-Control Italian Study 