Loneliness during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Patients with Burning Mouth Syndrome: A Multicentric Case-Control Italian Study
Table 2
Prevalence of systemic diseases and drug consumption in 100 BMS patients and 100 healthy controls.
BMS
HC
value
Frequency (%)
Frequency (%)
Systemic diseases
Yes
54 (54)
41 (41)
0.089
No
46 (46)
59 (59)
Hypertension
23 (23)
15 (15)
0.207
Hypercholesterolemia
14 (14)
2 (2)
0.003
Other cardiovascular diseases
7 (7)
2 (2)
1.000
Hypothyroidism
11 (11)
4 (4)
0.105
Hyperthyroidism
0 (0)
1 (1)
1.000
Endocrine disease
6 (6)
2 (2)
0.279
Gastroesophageal reflux disease
13 (13)
2 (2)
0.005
Neoplastic diseases
6 (6)
7 (7)
1.000
Asthma
2 (2)
1 (1)
0.811
HBV infection
6 (2.4)
4 (1.6)
0.751
Neurological disorders
2 (2)
2 (2)
1.000
Others
7 (7)
11 (11)
0.459
Drug consumption
Yes
44 (44)
24 (24)
0.004
No
56 (56)
76 (76)
Beta blockers
8 (8)
4 (4)
0.373
ACE inhibitors
6 (6)
8 (8)
0.783
Angiotensin II receptor antagonists (ARBs)
6 (6)
3 (3)
0.498
Thiazide diuretics
6 (6)
2 (2)
0.279
Calcium channel blockers
6 (6)
1 (1)
0.118
Antiplatelets
3 (3)
0 (0)
0.246
Blood thinner
2 (2)
2 (2)
1.000
Statins
9 (9)
0 (0)
0.003
Proton pump inhibitors
9 (9)
0 (0)
0.003
Levothyroxine sodium
11 (11)
2 (2)
0.018
Bisphosphonates
2 (2)
2 (2)
1.000
The significant difference between percentages was measured by Fisher’s exact test. Significance with the Bonferroni correction 0.002 for the systemic diseases. Significance with the Bonferroni correction 0.003 for the drug consumption. Abbreviations: BMS: burning mouth syndrome; HC: healthy controls; BMI: body mass index.
