Loneliness during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Patients with Burning Mouth Syndrome: A Multicentric Case-Control Italian Study
Table 6
Disease onset; type of treatment and number of consultations prior to the diagnosis; type of referral and number of referrals; intensity, quality, and pattern of pain; prevalence of oral symptoms; and location in 100 BMS patients.
Disease onset (months)
30 [12-49.5]
Number of doctors consulted prior to diagnosis of BMS
2 [1-3]
Referrals
Frequency (%)
Physician
52 (52)
Maxillofacial surgeon
1 (1)
Otolaryngologist
30 (30)
Gastroenterologist
14 (14)
Dentist
82 (82)
Dermatologist
1 (1)
Neurologist
4 (4)
Psychiatrist
1 (1)
Other
8 (8)
Disease onset before pandemic
Frequency (%) 63 (63)
Disease onset after pandemic
Frequency (%) 37(37)
Worsening of disease during pandemic
Frequency (%) 27 (27)
Time of worsening (months)
Median; IQR 12 [5-13]
Treatment with psychotropic drugs
Frequency (%) 62 (62)
Treatment with PEA
Frequency (%) 29 (29)
Increasing dosage after pandemic outbreak (yes)
13 (13)
Pain
Median; IQR
NRS
6 [4-8]
SF-MPQ
6 [1-13.25]
Pattern of symptoms
Frequency (%)
Same in the morning/afternoon/evening
14 (14)
Worse in the afternoon/evening
32 (32)
Worse in the morning
9 (9)
Changing day by day
45 (45)
Present in the night
36 (36)
Oral symptoms
Frequency (%)
Burning
100 (100)
Only burning
11 (11)
Burning+additional symptoms
89 (89)
Intraoral foreign body sensation
21 (21)
Xerostomia
63 (63)
Dysgeusia
42 (42)
Globus pharyngeus
13 (13)
Subjective change in tongue morphology
12 (12)
Subjective change in tongue color
32 (32)
Sialorrhea
17 (17)
Itching
10 (10)
Tingling sensation
24 (24)
Occlusal dysesthesia
17 (17)
Oral dyskinesia
10 (10)
Dysosmia
7 (7)
Subjective halitosis
29 (29)
Location of pain/burning
Frequency (%)
Burning/pain diffuse to entire oral mucosa
40 (30)
Burning/pain localized in one or more sites of oral mucosa
