Loneliness during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Patients with Burning Mouth Syndrome: A Multicentric Case-Control Italian Study
Table 8
Multiple linear regression model predicting ULS-8 in HC.
Predictors
Model 1
Model 2
Model 3
Model 4
Model 5
Model 6
Model 7
Model 8
Model 9
Model 10
Beta (SE)
value
Beta (SE)
value
Beta (SE)
value
Beta (SE)
value
Beta (SE)
value
Beta (SE)
value
Beta (SE)
value
Beta (SE)
value
Beta (SE)
value
Beta (SE)
value
Gender: male
-1.66 (0.81)
0.042
-1.70 (0.79)
0.035
-1.39 (0.82)
0.094
-1.57 (0.82)
0.057
-1.54 (0.81)
0.059
-1.35 (0.78)
0.088
-1.77 (0.82)
0.034
-1.73 (0.81)
0.037
-1.60 (0.81)
0.050
-0.79 (0.84)
0.348
Age
0.04 (0.06)
0.498
-0.01 (0.06)
0.865
0.04 (0.06)
0.518
0.04 (0.06)
0.568
0.04 (0.06)
0.509
0.06 (0.06)
0.277
0.03 (0.06)
0.664
0.05 (0.06)
0.441
0.03 (0.06)
0.594
-0.01 (0.07)
0.863
Education
0.04 (0.11)
0.741
0.05 (0.11)
0.619
0.00 (0.11)
0.966
0.04 (0.11)
0.690
0.02 (0.11)
0.841
0.08 (0.10)
0.451
0.05 (0.11)
0.655
0.04 (0.11)
0.731
0.05 (0.11)
0.626
0.09 (0.11)
0.434
Marital status: married
-1.89 (0.88)
0.035
-0.97 (0.97)
0.321
-1.75 (0.88)
0.049
-1.86 (0.90)
0.041
-1.99 (0.88)
0.026
-1.54 (0.85)
0.076
-1.89 (0.88)
0.035
-1.76 (0.90)
0.055
-1.63 (0.91)
0.076
-0.84 (0.96)
0.383
Employment status: employed
0.61 (0.74)
0.417
0.56 (0.73)
0.445
0.38 (0.75)
0.612
0.70 (0.76)
0.360
0.73 (0.75)
0.329
0.64 (0.72)
0.371
0.59 (0.75)
0.435
0.63 (0.75)
0.404
0.60 (0.74)
0.419
0.71 (0.74)
0.340
Body mass index (BMI)
0.02 (0.10)
0.801
0.08 (0.10)
0.426
-0.01 (0.10)
0.918
0.01 (0.10)
0.907
0.04 (0.10)
0.680
0.01 (0.09)
0.931
0.04 (0.10)
0.686
0.04 (0.10)
0.722
0.04 (0.10)
0.709
0.03 (0.10)
0.770
Number of relatives at home
-0.53 (0.35)
0.129
-0.48 (0.35)
0.172
Satisfaction in relationships with relatives during the COVID-19 pandemic
-0.47 (0.31)
0.133
-0.53 (0.32)
0.102
Social media use: more time on the Internet after pandemic (yes)
0.44 (0.28)
0.112
0.19 (0.28)
0.493
COVID-19 infection (yes)
0.32 (0.78)
0.685
0.29 (0.78)
0.713
Healthcare service: primary care physician
0.68 (0.80)
0.401
0.74 (0.85)
0.388
Hypercholesterolemia
3.44 (2.59)
0.189
4.40 (2.60)
0.094
DASS-21 total
0.11 (0.04)
0.004
0.13 (0.04)
0.004
GHQ-12 total
-0.08 (0.10)
0.446
-0.01 (0.11)
0.944
ISI
0.05 (0.07)
0.503
-0.12 (0.09)
0.180
MSPSS-12 total
-0.02 (0.02)
0.238
-0.01 (0.02)
0.692
(%)
4.88
0.081
8.33
0.029
6.47
0.051
3.83
0.137
5.64
0.069
12.28
0.005
4.45
0.104
4.31
0.109
5.3
0.078
14.99
0.006
change (%)
3.45
0.069
1.59
0.112
-1.04
0.611
0.77
0.189
7.41
0.004
-0.43
0.446
-0.56
0.503
0.42
0.238
10.11
0.033
SE are the standard errors of the beta estimates. The values were obtained from the hypothesis test on the regression coefficients. Moderately significant . Strongly significant value ≤ 0.01.
