US Veterans Show Improvements in Subjective but Not Objective Sleep following Treatment for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Secondary Analyses from a Randomised Controlled Trial

Table 1

Baseline demographics and clinical characteristics by treatment group across samples.

	ITT		PP		Valid Actigraphy
	CPT ()	SKY ()	CPT ()	SKY ()	CPT ()	SKY ()
Age	56.4 (12.9)	57.4 (12.6)	58.2 (13.0)	60.7 (11.0)	56.2 (13.5)	58.3 (11.8)
% male/female	93.2/6.8	82.9/17.1	93.1/6.9	76.8/23.2	91.9/8.1	83.3/16.7
% white	65.9	53.7	65.5	60.0	67.6	52.8
% married or domestic partner	45.4	34.1	41.4	36.7	43.2	36.1
% bachelor’s degree or higher	31.8	24.4	27.5	23.3	35.1	22.2
Total CAPS-5	34.1 (14.4)	32.3 (14.2)	31.6 (14.2)	30.1 (12.5)	34.1 (14.9)	33.2 (14.7)
Adjusted CAPS-5^a	30.4 (12.7)	28.5 (12.9)	28.5 (12.7)	26.5 (11.2)	30.2 (13.2)	29.4 (13.4)
Total PCL-C	56.2 (11.7)	56.9 (13.6)	49.6 (9.0)	53.6 (11.6)	55.7 (11.6)	56.4 (14.2)
Adjusted PCL-C^a	49.8 (10.2)	50.0 (12.3)	47.7 (10.4)	49.0 (11.8)	49.2 (10.2)	49.4 (12.9)
Total PCL-5	52.7 (10.4)	55.4 (11.7)	49.6 (9.0)	53.6 (11.6)	51.6 (9.9)	55.8 (11.7)
Adjusted PCL-5^a	47.7 (9.5)	49.9 (10.8)	45.2 (8.3)	48.1 (10.9)	46.5 (9.2)	50.0 (11.1)
% comorbid MDD^b	43.2	48.8	41.4	43.3	37.8	52.8
% comorbid anxiety disorder^b	61.4	58.5	55.2	60.0	56.8	58.3
% comorbid AUD^b	20.5	19.5	13.8	13.3	18.9	22.2
Probability of sleep apnoea^c	.69 (.22)	.66 (.23)	.69 (.23)	.66 (.24)	.69 (.23)	.66 (.22)
Restless Legs Score^c	-12.4 (15.6)	-9.0 (18.4)	-11.8 (17.4)	-10.0 (18.3)	-13.1 (15.5)	-7.6 (18.2)

Note. ITT = intent-to-treat; PP = per protocol; CPT = cognitive processing therapy; SKY = Sudarshan kriya yoga; CAPS-5 = Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-5; PCL-C = PTSD Checklist–Civilian Version (outcome measure); PCL-5 = PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (screening measure). Except where indicated by %, values are presented in the format M (SD), where M = mean and SD = standard deviation. ^aInsomnia and nightmare items removed, per recommendations (e.g., [30]). ^bAssessed via the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview for DSM-5 (MINI; [31]). MDD = major depressive disorder; AUD = alcohol use disorder. Anxiety disorder includes any of generalised anxiety, social anxiety, panic, or agoraphobia disorders. ^cAssessed via the MAPI and RLS-DI, respectively.