Unpacking the Specific Associations Between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Depressive Symptoms among the Middle-Aged and Elderly Chinese Populations: A Dimensional Approach and Latent Class Analysis in a Cohort Study

Figure 3

The associations between ACEs and the new occurrence of DSs according to sex in model 2. Cluster 1: poor parent relationship; cluster 2: physical abuse; cluster 3: biological parent absence; cluster 4: low risk (reference); cluster 5: mental neglect. HR (95% CI): hazard ratio (95% confidence interval). Model 2 is adjusted for deprivation-related ACEs (if applicable), threat-related ACEs (if applicable), age, marital status, education level, hukou, chronic disease, smoking status, drinking status, life satisfaction, household income, and CES-D-10 score at baseline.

(a) Male

(b) Female