Unpacking the Specific Associations Between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Depressive Symptoms among the Middle-Aged and Elderly Chinese Populations: A Dimensional Approach and Latent Class Analysis in a Cohort Study

Table 4

Associations between ACEs and the number of times with DSs in ordered logistic regression model.

	Crude model		Adjusted model 1		Adjusted model 2
	OR (95% CI)	value	OR (95% CI)	value	OR (95% CI)	value
Total ACE score
0	Ref		Ref^a		Ref^a1
1	1.226 (0.965, 1.562)	0.097	1.130 (0.882, 1.452)	0.337	1.089 (0.848, 1.404)	0.505
2	1.209 (0.953, 1.539)	0.121	1.102 (0.861, 1.416)	0.444	1.049 (0.817, 1.351)	0.709
≥3	2.032 (1.628, 2.548)	<0.001	1.932 (1.535, 2.444)	<0.001	1.818 (1.441, 2.303)	<0.001
for trend	<0.001		<0.001		<0.001
Deprivation-related ACE score
0	Ref		Ref^b		Ref^b1
1	1.192 (0.988, 1.441)	0.067	1.105 (0.908, 1.347)	0.320	1.081 (0.887, 1.320)	0.443
2	1.292 (1.068, 1.565)	0.009	1.161 (0.951, 1.419)	0.144	1.139 (0.931, 1.394)	0.207
≥3	2.276 (1.847, 2.808)	<0.001	1.829 (1.468, 2.283)	<0.001	1.731 (1.386, 2.164)	<0.001
for trend	<0.001		<0.001		<0.001
Threat-related ACE score
0	Ref		Ref^c		Ref^c1
1	1.344 (1.153, 1.566)	<0.001	1.328 (1.133, 1.555)	<0.001	1.305 (1.112, 1.532)	0.001
2	1.409 (1.168, 1.696)	<0.001	1.510 (1.241, 1.834)	<0.001	1.451 (1.191, 1.766)	<0.001
≥3	2.030 (1.672, 2.462)	<0.001	1.950 (1.592, 2.386)	<0.001	1.871 (1.525, 2.294)	<0.001
for trend	<0.001		<0.001		<0.001
LCA-driven ACE
Low risk (LR)	Ref		Ref^a		Ref^a1
Poor parent relationship (PPR)	2.207 (1.726, 2.817)	<0.001	2.157 (1.680, 2.763)	<0.001	2.075 (1.610, 2.669)	<0.001
Physical abuse (PA)	1.380 (1.169, 1.627)	<0.001	1.544 (1.301, 1.832)	<0.001	1.443 (1.212, 1.718)	<0.001
Biological parent absence (BPA)	1.213 (0.773, 1.873)	0.391	1.073 (0.675, 1.679)	0.760	1.028 (0.642, 1.619)	0.906
Mental neglect (MN)	1.177 (0.927, 1.489)	0.178	1.168 (0.914, 1.487)	0.209	1.145 (0.892, 1.464)	0.283

^aAdjusted for age, sex, marital status, education level, hukou, chronic disease, smoking status, drinking status, life satisfaction, and household income. ^a1Additionally adjusted for CES-D-10 score at baseline based on model 1. ^bAdjusted for threat-related ACE score, age, sex, marital status, education level, hukou, chronic disease, smoking status, drinking status, life satisfaction, and household income. ^b1Additionally adjusted for CES-D-10 scores at baseline based on model 1. ^cAdjusted for deprivation-related ACE score, age, sex, marital status, education level, hukou, chronic disease, smoking status, drinking status, life satisfaction, and household income. ^c1Additionally adjusted for CES-D-10 scores at baseline based on model 1. ACEs: adverse childhood experiences; OR: odds ratios; CI: confidence interval.