Depression and Anxiety of Portuguese University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study about Prevalence and Associated Factors
Table 2
Median (ME) and interquartile range (1st and 3rd quartile) of GAD-7 and PHQ-9 scores and value () from the Mann–Whitney-Wilcoxon or the Kruskal-Wallis tests.
Variable
Categories
GAD-7
PHQ-9
ME (IQR)
ME (IQR)
Sex
Female
8 (5, 13)
<0,001
8 (4, 13)
<0.001
Male
6 (3, 10)
6 (2, 10.75)
Love relationship
No relation
8 (4, 12)
0.040
8 (3, 13)
0.128
In a relation
8 (5, 12)
7 (3, 12)
Socioeconomic level (students’ perceptions)
Low
8 (6, 14.5)
0.005
10 (5, 17)
0.001
Medium
7 (5, 12)
8 (3, 13)
High
6 (3, 10)
6 (2, 11)
Displaced from official residence
No
7 (4, 12)
0.459
7 (3, 13)
0.325
Yes
7 (5, 12)
8 (3, 13)
If displaced, frequency going home
Every weekend
7 (4, 11)
0.015
7 (3, 11)
<0.001
Two to three times a month
8 (5, 12)
8 (4, 13)
Once a month
8 (5, 12)
8 (4, 12)
Only on school breaks/holidays
8 (5, 13)
9 (4, 14)
Previous mental disorder diagnoses
No
7 (4, 11)
<0.001
6 (3, 11)
<0.001
Yes
11 (7, 15)
12 (7.75, 17)
Course year
First
7 (4, 12)
0.610
7 (3, 13)
0.874
Other year
7 (5, 12)
8 (3, 12)
Academic performance (student’s perceptions)
Mediocre
10 (7, 14)
<0.01
12 (7, 18)
<0.01
Sufficient
8 (5, 13)
9 (4, 15)
Good
7 (4, 12)
7 (3, 11)
Very good/excellent
7 (4, 11)
5 (2, 10)
Working student
No
7 (5, 12)
0.516
8 (3, 13)
0.026
Yes
7 (4, 12)
7 (3, 12)
Drink coffee
No
7 (4, 12)
0.019
6 (3, 11)
<0.001
Yes
7 (5, 12)
8 (3, 13)
Smoke tobacco
No
7 (4, 12)
<0.001
7 (3, 12)
<0.001
Yes
8 (5, 12)
9 (4, 14)
Drink alcoholic beverages
No
7 (4, 13)
0.856
8 (3, 14)
0.297
Yes
7 (5, 12)
8 (3, 12)
Drink more than 4-5 alcoholic drinks on the same occasion
