Comorbid Anxiety and Depression among Pregnant and Postpartum Women: A Longitudinal Population-Based Study
Table 1
Baseline characteristics of pregnant and postpartum women ().
Variables
(%)
Variables
(%)
Sociodemographic variables
Maternal age (in years)
Occupation
18-24
88 (4.53)
Homemaker
886 (45.65)
25-35
1463 (75.37)
Employed
377 (19.42)
≥35
390 (20.10)
Unemployed
678 (34.93)
Ethnicity
Current residence
Han
1914 (98.61)
Urban
1507 (77.64)
Other
27 (1.39)
Rural
434 (22.36)
Education level
Annual household income (RMB)
Primary school or below
284 (14.63)
<30,000
176 (9.07)
High school
793 (40.86)
30,000-60,000
465 (23.96)
Bachelor
754 (38.84)
60,000-100,000
682 (35.13)
Postgraduate and above
110 (5.67)
>100,000
618 (31.84)
Marital status
Negative life events
Married
1929 (99.38)
Yes
529 (27.25)
Single/divorced
12 (0.62)
No
1412 (72.75)
Smoking history
Alcohol history
Yes
85 (4.38)
Yes
187 (9.63)
No
1856 (95.62)
No
1754 (90.37)
Marital relationshipsa
In-law relationshipsb
Great satisfaction
790 (41.00)
Great satisfaction
572 (29.71)
Relatively satisfaction
805 (41.77)
Relatively satisfaction
866 (44.99)
Average satisfaction
213 (11.05)
Average satisfaction
393 (20.41)
Dissatisfaction
51 (2.65)
Dissatisfaction
60 (3.12)
Severe dissatisfaction
68 (3.53)
Severe dissatisfaction
34 (1.77)
Obstetric variables
Parity
Gravidity
Primiparity
900 (46.37)
Primigravida
761 (39.21)
Multiparity
1041 (53.63)
Multigravida
1180 (60.79)
ART pregnancy
Planned pregnancy
Yes
232 (11.95)
Yes
1339 (68.99)
No
1709 (88.05)
No
602 (31.01)
History of cesarean
History of preterm birth
Yes
595 (30.65)
Yes
47 (2.42)
No
1346 (69.35)
No
1894 (97.58)
History of spontaneous abortion
Prepregnancy complications
Yes
418 (21.54)
Yes
129 (6.65)
No
1523 (78.46)
No
1812 (93.35)
Regular prenatal visits
Sought mental health services
Yes
1006 (51.83)
Yes
149 (7.68)
No
935 (48.17)
No
1792 (92.32)
Delivery mode
Breastfeeding types
Cesarean section
595 (30.65)
Exclusive
277 (14.27)
Vaginal delivery
1346 (69.35)
Mixed/formula
1664 (85.73)
Mental health variables
History of anxiety
History of depression
Yes
13 (0.67)
Yes
14 (0.72)
No
1928 (99.33)
No
1927 (99.28)
Family history of anxiety
Family history of depression
Yes
14 (0.72)
Yes
6 (0.31)
No
1927 (99.28)
No
1935 (99.69)
Note. ART: assisted reproductive treatment. Relationship between mothers-in-law and daughters-in-law. aThe valid data is 1927 married women with two missing data. bThe valid data is 1925 married women with four missing data.
