Depression and Anxiety

Research Article

Influence of Depression on Pain and Disability in Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain after Physical Therapy: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial

Table 2

Influence of depression on the continuous outcomes at 12 and 52 weeks.


	CLBP with depression group			CLBP without depression group
	Adjusted	95% CI	value	Adjusted	95% CI	value

Outcomes after the 12-week intervention
RMDQ	-0.150	-0.418 to 0.118	0.262	0.140	0.000 to 0.281	0.051
NRS severe	-0.005	-0.147 to 0.137	0.941	0.035	-0.027 to 0.096	0.264
NRS average	0.020	-0.102 to 0.142	0.743	0.030	-0.017 to 0.077	0.208
NRS current	0.023	-0.084 to 0.130	0.662	-0.011	-0.055 to 0.034	0.637
SF36	-0.155	-1.135 to 0.825	0.749	-0.815	-1.267 to -0.363	0.001^a
SAS	1.196	0.531 to 1.860	0.001^a	0.409	0.138 to 0.681	0.004^a
SDS	0.742	0.200 to 1.284	0.009^a	0.921	0.658 to 1.184	<0.001^a
PSQI	0.239	-0.023 to 0.502	0.073	0.108	0.018 to 0.199	0.020^a
PASS	0.541	-0.502 to 1.583	0.297	0.465	0.034 to 0.897	0.035^a
TSK	-0.215	-0.686 to 0.257	0.360	0.169	-0.097 to 0.436	0.210
FABQ-physical activity	-0.143	-0.521 to 0.234	0.444	0.126	-0.068 to 0.320	0.201
FABQ-work	-0.246	-1.162 to 0.671	0.588	0.115	-0.322 to 0.552	0.602
FABQ	-0.389	-1.581 to 0.803	0.510	0.241	-0.326 to 0.807	0.401
Outcomes after the 52-week follow-up
RMDQ	-0.203	-0.534 to 0.129	0.220	0.167	-0.069 to 0.402	0.162
NRS severe	0.150	0.012 to 0.287	0.034^a	0.069	-0.019 to 0.157	0.124
NRS average	0.064	-0.064 to 0.192	0.315	0.072	0.000 to 0.144	0.049^a
NRS current	0.082	-0.047 to 0.212	0.204	0.092	0.022 to 0.163	0.011^a
SF36	0.244	-0.707 to 1.195	0.604	-0.996	-1.553 to -0.439	0.001^a
SAS	0.272	-0.460 to 1.005	0.453	0.753	0.455 to 1.051	<0.001^a
SDS	0.186	-0.729 to 1.100	0.681	1.008	0.669 to 1.347	<0.001^a
PSQI	0.166	-0.126 to 0.458	0.254	0.180	0.085 to 0.274	<0.001^a
PASS	0.417	-0.624 to 1.458	0.419	0.640	0.083 to 1.197	0.025^a
TSK	0.288	-0.815 to 1.391	0.597	0.589	0.034 to 1.144	0.038^a
FABQ-physical activity	-0.058	-0.506 to 0.389	0.792	0.281	0.080 to 0.481	0.007^a
FABQ-work	-0.095	-0.847 to 0.657	0.797	0.026	-0.410 to 0.462	0.906
FABQ	-0.153	-1.309 to 1.003	0.788	0.296	-0.269 to 0.861	0.300

Abbreviations: CLBP: chronic low back pain; CI: confidence interval; NRS: numeric rating scale; RMDQ: Roland-Morris disability questionnaire; SF36: 36-item short-form health survey; SAS: self-rating anxiety scale; SDS: self-rating depression scale; PSQI: Pittsburgh sleep quality index; PASS: pain anxiety symptom scale; TSK: Tampa scale for kinesiophobia; FABQ: fear-avoidance beliefs questionnaire. ^aData statistically significant.