Depression and Anxiety

Research Article

The Impact of COVID-19 Vaccination on Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression before and after COVID-19 Vaccines Were Universally Available for Adults in the United States

Table 3

Impact of COVID-19 vaccination on moderate to severe symptoms of anxiety and depression prior to and during universal availability of the COVID-19 vaccine in the subgroup of participants with anxiety or depression symptoms at time 0—CHASING COVID Cohort, USA, December 2020-January 2022.


Vaccination status and vaccine era	Symptoms of anxiety								Symptoms of depression
	Moderate or severe symptoms					Mean GAD-7 score			Moderate or severe symptoms					Mean PHQ-8 score
	Person-trial denominator		Prevalence (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)	aOR (95% CI)	Mean (STD)	Coeff (95% CI)	Adj coeff (95% CI)	Person-trial denominator		Prevalence (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)	aOR (95% CI)	Mean (STD)	Coeff (95% CI)	Adj coeff (95% CI)

Preuniversal
Not vaccinated	1292	840	65.0 (62.4, 67.6)	1.00	1.00	12 (5)			1325	895	67.5 (65.0, 70.1)	1.00	1.00
Vaccinated	656	361	55.0 (51.2, 58.8)	0.62 (0.53, 0.74)	0.67 (0.57, 0.80)	11 (5)	-1.33 (-1.72, -0.94)	-1.16 (-1.55, -0.76)	730	461	63.2 (59.6, 66.7)	0.79 (0.67, 0.93)	0.83 (0.70, 0.98)	13 (6)	-0.99 (-1.40, -0.59)	-0.82 (-1.23, -0.40)

Universal														12 (6)
Not vaccinated	739	494	66.8 (63.5, 70.2)	1.00	1.00	12 (6)			789	549	69.6 (66.4, 72.8)	1.00	1.00	13 (6)
Vaccinated	208	142	68.3 (61.9, 74.6)	0.96 (0.73, 1.27)	1.03 (0.78, 1.38)	12 (5)	-0.20 (-0.85, 0.45)	-0.17 (-0.83, 0.50)	222	153	68.9 (62.8, 75.0)	0.93 (0.71, 1.22)	0.94 (0.71, 1.24)	13 (6)	-0.29 (-0.99, 0.42)	-0.15 (-0.86, 0.56)

Adjusted for baseline access to healthcare, baseline age, baseline education, employment at time 0, gender, housing and food insecurity at time 0, and baseline susceptibility to severe COVID-19. Std errors adjusted for repeat subjects. Adjusted for baseline access to healthcare, baseline age, baseline education, employment at time 0, gender, housing and food insecurity at time 0, and baseline susceptibility to severe COVID-19. Std errors adjusted for repeat subjects.