Hierarchical Swarm Model: A New Approach to Optimization

Figure 11

The median results of discrete functions. (a) Goldberg’s order-3. (b) Bipolar order-6. (c) Mulenbein’s order-5. (d) Clerc’s Zebra-3. The median convergence results of discrete functions. (e) Clerc’s order-3 problem 1. (f) Clerc’s order-3 problem 2. (g) Discrete multimodal problem.

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(b)

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(d)

(e)

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(g)