Simulation of the Radiation Reaction Orbits of a Classical Relativistic Charged Particle with Generalized Off-Shell Lorentz Force

Figure 10

(a) 𝜀 during the first loop cycle. (b) The 𝑥̇¹ velocity during the first loop cycle. (c) The 𝑥̈¹ acceleration during the first loop cycle. (d) The effective mass 𝑀(𝜀,𝜀)̇ during the first loop cycle. (e) The Lyapunov exponent during the first loop cycle.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)