Simulation of the Radiation Reaction Orbits of a Classical Relativistic Charged Particle with Generalized Off-Shell Lorentz Force

Figure 11

(a) and (b) 𝜀 and the acceleration component 𝑥̈¹ as functions of the number of time iterations. (c) and (d) The velocity component 𝑥̇¹ and the Lyapunov exponent as functions of the number of time iterations. (e) The effective (universal time) mass.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)