Simulation of the Radiation Reaction Orbits of a Classical Relativistic Charged Particle with Generalized Off-Shell Lorentz Force

Figure 3

(a) and (b) The orbit of an attractor in two phase space graphs. Initial conditions: 𝜀=0.01, 𝜀̇=55, 𝜀̈=10⁶, 𝑀/𝛼=556.85  GeV², and 𝜇=10⁻⁵  GeV^-1. (c) The Lyapunov exponent 𝜆. (d) The correlation between two close orbits: the attractor and an orbit which starts close to it (distance 0.00001). One can clearly see the correlation between the orbits, which is not a chaotic pattern. (e) and (f) 𝜀 and the effective mass as a function of the number of time iterations. As 𝜀 becomes close to unity the mass fluctuation amplitude grows significantly.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)