Bacterial Colony Optimization

Table 6

Experimental results on multimodal benchmark functions 𝑓₅~𝑓₈ (40-D).

Methods	Function
	Multimodal	Multimodal	Multimodal	Multimodal
	Rastrigin	Griewank	Ackley	Weierstrass
GA	148.3028±27.3305	9.9175±3.4341	12.5334±0.6759	22.1294±3.0762
PSO	74.2725±10.4031	0.0062±0.0099	1.4950±0.5035	52.1444±3.5761
BFO	340.2382±6.6259	534.8022±74.7301	19.8384±0.1144	52.6685±1.1850
BFO-LDC	220.0034±20.4895	546.2333±62.7786	19.1367±0.1645	51.4482±0.8970
BFO-NDC	480.0729±20.4522	481.7740±35.3368	20.0417±0.1574	54.1919±1.7300
BCO	𝟒𝟎.𝟏𝟖𝟖𝟓±𝟏𝟗.𝟖𝟔𝟓𝟖	𝟖.𝟒𝟖𝟎𝟏e −𝟎𝟎𝟖±𝟎.𝟐𝟖𝟒𝟏	𝟕.𝟖𝟕𝟐𝟔e −𝟎𝟎𝟒±𝟔.𝟗𝟕𝟐𝟎e −𝟎𝟎𝟓	𝟏𝟖.𝟑𝟎𝟔𝟖±𝟏.𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟎