[Retracted] Financial Development and Carbon Emissions: Analyzing the Role of Financial Risk, Renewable Energy Electricity, and Human Capital for China

Table 3

Cointegration analysis using Maki and Bayer–Hanck approaches.

Bayer–Hanck [48]
	Engle Granger		Johansen	Banerjee	Boswijk
Statistics ( values)	−6.8819 (0.0026)		84.5881 (0.000)	−5.1755 (0.0028)	125.1155 (0.0000)
Combined statistics	Engle Granger–Johansen			Engle Granger–Banerjee–Boswijk
	57.890 (0.000)			124.908 (0.000)
Maki [49]
Results	Statistics			Key structural breaks
	Regime shift	Regime shifts with trend
	−9.52	−11.107		2001–2008–2014

Note: , , and 0.1, respectively.