[Retracted] Financial Development and Carbon Emissions: Analyzing the Role of Financial Risk, Renewable Energy Electricity, and Human Capital for China

Table 5

Frequency domain causality test.

Causality direction	Long run,	Medium run,	Short run,
GDP to CO2	13.586	11.316	13.275
FDI to CO2	7.177	5.332	9.989
HCI to CO2	7.602	7.572	5.721
REE to CO2	6.432	6.721	4.126
FRI to CO2	9.217	6.031	6.451

Note: , , and , respectively.