| | Air pollution events | Control measures |
| | Photochemical pollution incident in Los Angeles, USA | The Los Angeles government set the South Coast Air Quality Management District to manage emissions. The Los Angeles government has adopted five measures, i.e., government-led, market-regulated, legal, public-driven, and technology-supported |
| | Smog type air pollution incident in London, UK | London has adopted four measures, i.e., legislation to improve monitoring standards, strengthening motor vehicle management in vital areas, vigorously developing public transportation and bicycle transportation, and scientifically building urban green belts |
| | Air pollution incident in Milan, Italy | The government of Milan primarily launches air pollution prevention and control by adopting some specific administrative measures, including the establishment of additional traffic control zones in the centre of the city, the imposition of traffic congestion charges and vehicle emission fees, the implementation of centralized heating, “car ban”, and many other measures |
| | Asthma incident in Yokkaichi, Japan | Japan has promulgated a series of laws regarding environmental protection, compiled environmental protection teaching materials, and opened environmental education courses in various schools to progressively increase public awareness to help address environmental issues. There were also other measures (e.g., the socialization of waste disposal and the internationalization of data information) taken |
| | Events in the Ruhr, Germany | German environmental policy tools largely cover environmental education, laws, subsidies, environmental taxes, investment subsidies, and environmental audits. Germany’s policies are diversified, set strict environmental quality standards, and support technological innovation |
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