Modeling the Impact of Innovation on Economic Quality and Environmental Pollution Change under Consideration of Environmental Regulation

Table 5

The impact of innovation on productivity and pollutants under environmental regulation.

	Threshold effect model
	GTFP	TFP	SO2
REGU-1	0.047	0.0002	4.64
	(0.031)	(0.049)	(1.59)
REGU-2	0.194	0.768	−0.448
	(0.122)	(0.106)	(0.237)
REGU-3	0.06	0.012	−1.45
	(0.004)	(0.011)	(0.385)
IS	0.097	0.047	−1.504
	(0.053)	(0.021)	(0.424)
FDI	−0.018	−0.05	1.045
	(0.119)	(0.039)	(1.20)
ROD	0.0004	0.002	−0.061
	(0.0017)	(0.01)	(0.025)
GOV	0.011	−0.001	−0.118
	(0.004)	(0.002)	(0.052)
Constant	0.822	0.854	9.07
	(0.0611)	(0.024)	(0.615)
Observations	2123	2123	2123
Numbers	193	193	193
R-squared	0.1162	0.0700	0.2501

Note: , , and represent that the estimated coefficients are significant at the 10%, 5%, and 1% confidence levels, respectively. The standard errors of the coefficients are marked in parentheses.