E-Government Effect on Participatory Democracy in the Maghreb: Indirect Effect and Government-Led Participation

Table 2

Demographic characteristics of the research sample.

		Algeria	Morocco	Tunisia	Total	%
Age	18–25	30	32	16	78	11
	26–30	32	76	63	171	24
	31–35	65	65	69	199	28
	36–40	37	37	39	113	16
	41–50	37	6	20	63	9
	51–60	49	16	13	78	11
Gender	Female	120	104	95	319	45
	Male	130	128	125	383	55
Education	Bachelor’s	114	120	104	338	48
	Master’s	98	75	81	254	36
	Ph.D.	38	37	35	110	16
Categories	Experts (ICT, media, and academicians)	39	37	38	114	16
	Government officers	45	38	34	117	17
	Lawmen	40	36	32	108	15
	NGO	39	40	38	117	17
	Political parties	41	38	42	121	17
	Public administrators	46	43	36	125	18