Spatial Differentiation and Elements Influencing Urban Resilience in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River under the COVID-19 Pandemic
Table 1
Empirical elements of the urban resilience level.
Empirical element
Abbreviation
Formula
Y1: GDP year-on-year growth rate
GDP
where denotes the constant-price GDP of city in the first three quarters of 2020 and denotes the constant-price GDP of city in the first three quarters of 2019.
Y2: year-on-year growth rate of total electricity consumption
Tec
, where denotes the total electricity consumption with constant energy consumption of city in July 2020 and denotes the total electricity consumption with constant energy consumption of city in July 2019.
Y3: in-city travel intensity recovery index
Td
, where means the in-city travel intensity of city , namely, the indexation result of the ratio of the number of travelers to the resident population in the city; denotes the daily data of the in-city travel intensity of city from February 24 to April 26, 2020 (a total of 9 weeks); and denotes the mean of the daily data of the in-city travel intensity from March 2 to 15, 2019.
Y0: pandemic disaster severity
Ds
, where denotes the total number of confirmed cases in city as of February 21, 2020.