Higher Education, Technological Innovation, and Regional Sustainable Development: Insights from a VAR Model

Table 1

Augment Dickey–Fuller (ADF) variable unit root test results.

Variable	ADF test value (t-statistic)	Probability	Test result (significant at 1%)
LNGDP	1.663761	0.9717	Unstable
△LNGDP	–0.655058	0.4200	Unstable
△^2LNGDP	–5.435805	0.0000	Stable
LNPT	–1.998460	0.2850	Unstable
△LNPT	–3.967490	0.0075	Stable
△^2LNPT	–5.321331	0.0006	Stable
LNSCA	–3.218777	0.0338	Unstable
△LNSCA	–1.939330	0.3087	Unstable
△^2LNSCA	–5.226506	0.0007	Stable

∆ and △², respectively, represent a first-order or second-order difference calculation for a variable.