Improved Whale Optimization Algorithm for Solving Constrained Optimization Problems

Table 1

[33] Main characteristics of 8 benchmark functions.

Function	Expression	Range	Theoretical optimal solution
Sphere		[−100, 100]	0
Schwefel2.22		[−10, 10]	0
Schwefel1.2		[−100, 100]	0
Rosenbrock		[−30, 30]	0
Sumsquare		[−10, 10]	0
Rastrigin		[−5.12, 5.12]	0
Griewank		[−600, 600]	0
Alpine		[−10, 10]	0