Research Article
Impact of Sino-US Trade Liberalization on China’s Carbon Emissions and Future Works on Fractional Phenomenon
Table 4
Robustness test of changing the core explanatory variables.
| | | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) |
| | First stage regression | Explained variable Lnexport | IV
exchange rate | 0.00253 (0.00069) | 0.00258 (0.00072) | 0.00277 (0.00068) | 0.00281 (0.00068) | | Other explanatory variables | — | — | — | — | | F value | 13.43 | 12.74 | 16.49 | 16.84 |
| | Second stage regression | Explained variable LnCO2 | | Lnexport | −0.1699 (0.0907) | −0.235 (0.092) | −0.15 (0.0756) | −0.152 (0.075) | | Lnpop | 0.015 (0.018) | 0.00068 (0.018) | 0.024 (0.0163) | 0.0226 (0.0164) | | Lnpgdp | 4.447 (0.606) | 3.99 (0.709) | 2.443 (0.595) | 2.548 (0.59) | | (Lnpgdp)2 | −0.19 (0.0307) | −0.161 (0.036) | −0.119 (0.035) | −0.114 (0.0345) | | Es | | 1.23 (0.15) | 1.071 (0.1385) | 1.054 (0.139) | | Lnsec | | | 0.32 (0.101) | 0.297 (0.102) | | Lncar | | | 0.23 (0.059) | 0.214 (0.0595) | | Lnrd | | | | 0.0536 (0.0373) | | Cons | −15.57 (3.383) | −14.97 (3.857) | −6.96 (2.78) | −17.72 (4.982) | | Observations | 470 | 452 | 451 | 450 | | Province-fixed effect | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | | Year-fixed effect | No | No | No | No | | Adjusted R2 | 0.9528 | 0.9598 | 0.9679 | 0.9679 |
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, , and represent the significance level of 1%, 5%, and 10%, respectively. |
