Dynamic Mechanisms of the Environmental Effects of FDI: An Empirical Test Based on the PVAR Model

Figure 4

Changes in SO₂ emissions and FDI in China (2004–2020). Note: the axis on the left is the total SO₂ emissions of 31 provincial administrative regions in mainland China from 2004 to 2020, and the unit is 10,000 tons; the axis on the right is the total amount of FDI of the 31 provincial administrative regions in mainland China from 2004 to 2020, and the unit is 1 billion US dollars. The FDI values here are the total investment data of foreign-invested enterprises, and all data were quoted from the China Statistical Yearbook.