Research Article

Evolutionary Analysis of Innovation Development in a Metropolitan Area from a Symbiosis Perspective: Empirical Research on the Shanghai Metropolitan Area

Table 2

Comprehensive innovation development level indicator system.

Tier 1 indicatorTier 2 indicatorsTier 3 indicators

Comprehensive innovation development levelInnovation subjectNumber of universities
Number of high-tech enterprises
Number of scientific research institutions in the city
Number of national key laboratories
Number of national technology incubators
Innovation environmentCPI
GDP per capita in the region
Park green area per capita
Total number of libraries and museums
Number of beds in hospitals and health centers
Number of public books per capita
Innovation inputTotal expenditures of local government funds for science and technology
Total expenditures of local government funds for education
R&D investment of industrial enterprises above designated size
Number of R&D personnel in industrial enterprises above designated size
Number of people engaged in research activities in the university
Innovation outputNumber of patent applications
Number of patents granted
Number of technology market contract transactions
Value of technology market contracts
Number of national-level science and technology awards
Total number of scientific and technical papers published
High-tech industry output value