Does Stricter Command-and-Control Environmental Regulation Promote Total Factor Productivity? Evidence from China’s Industrial Enterprises

Table 6

Robustness tests results.

	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)
ER TIME	0.012	0.009	0.015	0.011	0.010	0.008
	(0.003)	(0.002)	(0.002)	(0.003)	(0.002)	(0.003)
KL		−0.028		−0.212		−0.224
		(0.005)		(0.006)		(0.006)
EXPORT		0.0002		−0.008		0.006
		(0.011)		(0.012)		(0.011)
SUBSIDY		−0.581		−0.633		−0.571
		(0.064)		(0.084)		(0.069)
AGE		0.414		0.519		0.484
		(0.015)		(0.018)		(0.015)
SIZE		0.245		0.283		0.293
		(0.009)		(0.130)		(0.009)
PGDP		0.332		0.339		0.351
		(0.091)		(0.122)		(0.091)
POP		0.184		0.169		0.204
		(0.077)		(0.088)		(0.076)
Constant	4.937	−2.464	5.188	−0.176	5.180	−0.466
	(0.021)	(1.290)	(0.028)	(1.693)	(0.020)	(1.287)
Firm FE	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Year FE	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Observations	1,598,855	1,598,855	859,057	859,057	1,525,380	1,525,380
R-squared	0.143	0.192	0.074	0.138	0.150	0.231

Note: standard errors are clustered at the city level, and t statistics are shown in the respective parentheses. ; ; .