Impact of the Belt and Road Initiative on Poverty Reduction in Countries along the Route

Table 1

List of countries and classification.

Country	Belong to the BRI	Belong to landlocked country	National income level
Albania	Yes	No	B
Algeria	No	No	C
America	No	No	A
Angola	No	No	C
Argentina	No	No	B
Armenia	Yes	Yes	B
Australia	No	No	A
Austria	No	Yes	A
Azerbaijan	Yes	Yes	B
Bangladesh	Yes	No	C
Belarus	Yes	Yes	B
Belgium	No	No	A
Benin	No	No	C
Bolivia	No	Yes	C
Bosnia and Herzegovina	Yes	No	B
Botswana	No	Yes	B
Brazil	No	No	B
Bulgaria	Yes	No	B
Burkina Faso	No	Yes	D
Cambodia	Yes	No	C
Cameroon	No	No	C
Canada	No	No	A
Chile	No	No	A
China	Yes	No	B
Colombia	No	No	B
Congo	No	No	D
Costa Rica	No	No	B
Cote d'Ivoire	No	No	C
Croatia	Yes	No	A
Cuba	No	No	B
Czech Republic	Yes	Yes	A
Denmark	No	No	A
Djibouti	No	No	C
Dominica	No	No	B
Ecuador	No	No	B
Egypt	Yes	No	C
England	No	No	A
Eritrea	No	No	D
Estonia	Yes	No	A
Ethiopia	No	Yes	D
Fiji	No	No	B
Finland	No	No	A
France	No	No	A
Gabon	No	No	B
Georgia	Yes	No	B
Germany	No	No	A
Ghana	No	No	C
Greece	Yes	No	A
Guatemala	No	No	B
Guinea	No	No	D
Guyana	No	No	B
Honduras	No	No	C
Hungary	Yes	Yes	A
India	Yes	No	C
Indonesia	Yes	No	B
Iran	Yes	No	B
Iraq	Yes	No	B
Ireland	No	No	A
Israel	Yes	No	A
Italy	No	No	A
Jamaica	No	No	B
Japan	No	No	A
Jordan	Yes	No	B
Kazakhstan	Yes	Yes	B
Kenya	No	No	C
Kyrgyzstan	Yes	Yes	C
Latvia	Yes	No	A
Lebanon	Yes	No	B
Liberia	No	No	D
Lithuania	Yes	No	A
Luxembourg	No	Yes	A
Madagascar	No	No	D
Malawi	No	Yes	D
Malaysia	Yes	No	B
Mali	No	Yes	D
Mauritania	No	No	C
Mexico	No	No	B
Moldova	Yes	Yes	C
Mongolia	Yes	Yes	C
Montenegro	Yes	No	B
Morocco	No	No	C
Mozambique	No	No	D
Myanmar	Yes	No	C
Namibia	No	No	B
Nepal	Yes	Yes	C
Netherlands	No	No	A
New Zealand	No	No	A
Nigeria	No	No	C
North Korea	No	No	D
North Macedonia	Yes	Yes	B
Norway	No	No	A
Pakistan	Yes	No	C
Palestine	Yes	No	C
Panama	No	No	A
Paraguay	No	Yes	B
Peru	No	No	B
Philippine	Yes	No	C
Poland	Yes	No	A
Portugal	No	No	A
Republic of Congo	No	No	C
Romania	Yes	No	A
Russia	Yes	No	B
Salvador	No	No	C
Saudi Arabia	Yes	No	A
Senegal	No	No	C
Serbia	Yes	Yes	B
Singapore	Yes	No	A
Slovakia	Yes	Yes	A
Slovenia	Yes	Yes	A
South Africa	No	No	B
South Korea	No	No	A
Spain	No	No	A
Sri Lanka	Yes	No	C
Sudan	No	No	D
Suriname	No	No	B
Swaziland	No	Yes	C
Sweden	No	No	A
Switzerland	No	Yes	A
Syria	Yes	No	D
Tajikistan	Yes	Yes	D
Tanzania	No	No	C
Thailand	Yes	No	B
Togo	No	No	D
Tunisia	No	No	C
Turkey	Yes	No	B
Turkmenistan	Yes	Yes	B
Uganda	No	Yes	D
Ukraine	Yes	No	C
Uruguay	No	No	A
Uzbekistan	Yes	Yes	C
Venezuela	No	No	B
Vietnam	Yes	No	C
Zambia	No	Yes	C
Zimbabwe	No	Yes	C

Note. A, B, C, and D present high-income countries, middle-high-income countries, middle-low-income countries, and low-income countries, respectively.