Research Article

Spatial-Temporal Analysis of Crash Severity: Multisource Data Fusion Approach

Table 2

Independent variables in the data set.

No.VariableFeatureDescription

1Road type 1Geometric designMain, two-way, one-way
2Road type 2Geometric designNonseparate two-way road/separate two-way with physical separator/One-way
3Road type 3Geometric designFreeway – highway – intersection – main street – side street – main road – rural road – side road – square – Turn
4Time of crashTime-relatedAfternoon, morning, night, noon, sunrise, sunset
5Road characteristicsGeometric designLevel difference between asphalt and shoulder – nonstandard transverse and longitudinal slope – nonstandard safety guard on the side of the road – lack of safety guard on the side of the road - lack of shoulder and parking – sharp angle arch – road subsidence – road marking defect – road lighting defect – road asphalt defect – defect of horizontal signs – defect of vertical signs - existence of an obstacle – narrow width of the passage - other – no defect
6Lighting conditionWeather and environmental conditionsDay-night with enough light – night without enough light - sunrise – Sunset
7Surface conditionWeather and environmental conditionsWaterlogged – wet-dry and normal – oily and dirty – sandy – bituminous – frost and snow – other
8Shoulder conditionGeometric designAsphalt shoulder – dirt shoulder – no shoulder
9Sight obstacleGeometric designPanel – mound – tree and plant – building – slope – sandstorm – vertical arc – fog and smoke – sunlight – headlight of the vehicle in front – vehicle while moving – vehicle stopped – blizzard – frost glass of the vehicle – other –no obstacles.
10Maintenance conditionGeometric designRepair with adequate marks – repair without sufficient marks - not repaired
11Road equipment failureGeometric designPassenger safety protection – road surface – signs – no damage
12Land useLand useEducational-administrative and commercial-recreational-industrial-non-residential-residential-agricultural-other
13Location of the crashGeometric designMain road – off-road – medium refuge – shoulder – roadside – Other
14Weather conditionWeather and environmental conditionsCloudy – rainy – snowy – clear – stormy – dusty – foggy
15Geometric condition of the roadGeometric designTunnel – straight uphill – straight, downhill – straight, flat – bridge – uphill turn – flat turn
16Sign conditionGeometric designDouble – cross section – continuous – does not have
17Speed limits (Km/h)Traffic attributes(0–40)-(40–60)-(60–80)-(80–100)-(100–120)
18Vehicle defectVehicle characteristicsTire smoothness – lack of snow deflectors in case of emergency – suspension device defect – lack of wheel chains in case of emergency – brake system defect – lighting system defect - handling system defect – other – No defect
19Effective driver characteristicsDriver characteristicsDrug use – tiredness and drowsiness – weakness due to old age – unhurried haste and acceleration – lack of familiarity with the road – lack of recognition of the right of way – alcohol consumption – effective organ failure – Other
20Identified effective factor in the crashMixDeviation to the right – deviation to the left – sudden opening of the vehicle door – exceeding the speed limit – violation to the left due to overtaking – sudden change of direction – reversing – moving in the opposite direction – pedestrian error – bypassing in a forbidden place – passing from the forbidden place – inability to control the vehicle – failure to pay attention to the front – failure to observe the right of way – failure to observe the distance –failure to observe the transverse distance – defects in cargo regulations – wrong turning – wrong towing – Other
21The first part of the crashVehicle characteristicsAmbulance – bus – livestock – road construction equipment – agricultural equipment – tanker carrying hazardous materials – trailer – firetruck – police car – bicycle – riding – motorcycle – pedestrian – minibus – vantage – truck – Other
22Points of collision of the first party of the crashVehicle characteristicsFront – front and rear – front and right side – front and left side – front, rear and right side – front, rear and left side – front, rear, right side, and left side – back – back and right side – back and side left – rear, right side, and left side – right side – right side and left side – left side
23First party crash violationDriver characteristicsStopping off-road – stopping at the level of the road – sudden stop – moving forward – moving rear – drifting – overtaking – Sudden start – turning right – turning left – Other
24Age of the first party of the crashDriver characteristics(0–18)-(18–40)-(40–60)-(60–80)-(80–120)
25Gender of the first party of the crashDriver characteristicsMale – Female
26The second part of the crashVehicle characteristicsAmbulance – bus – animals – road construction equipment – agricultural equipment – tanker carrying hazardous materials – trailer – firetruck – police car – bicycle – riding – motorcycle – pedestrian – minibus – vantage – truck – truck – Other
27Points of collision of the second party of the crashVehicle characteristicsFront – front and rear – front and right side – front and left side – front, rear and right side – front, rear and left side – front, rear, right side, and left side – back – back and right side – back and side left – rear, right side, and left side – right side – right side and left side – left side
28Age of the second party of the crashDriver characteristics(0–18)-(18–40)-(40–60)-(60–80)-(80–120)
29Gender of the second party of the crashDriver characteristicsMale – Female
30Pedestrian status as the second party in the crashDriver characteristicsOff-road – getting on or off the vehicle – while pushing the vehicle – while working on the vehicle – standing on the side of the road – sudden running on the road – crossing the road from the permitted route – crossing road obstacles – crossing in the opposite direction of the vehicle – crossing in line with the vehicle – other
31Familiarity with the road of the first party of the crashDriver characteristicsNative/non-native/unspecified
32Variables related to traffic volumeTraffic attributesThe volume of passing vehicles of class 12 – volume of passing vehicles of class 23 – volume of passing vehicles of class 34 – volume of passing vehicles of class 45 – volume of the passing of vehicles of class 56 – volume of the passing of heavy vehicles – volume of the passing of total vehicles – average weight of heavy vehicle traffic volume, medium heavy vehicle traffic volume, standard deviation of heavy vehicle volume, heavy vehicle traffic volume, minimum heavy vehicle traffic volume, maximum traffic volume of heavy vehicles, weighted average volume and transit traffic of all vehicles, average volume and transit traffic of all vehicles, standard error of volume and transit traffic of all vehicles, skew volume and transit traffic of all vehicles, minimum volume and transit traffic of all vehicles, maximum volume and transit traffic of all vehicles.
33HeadwayTraffic attributesWeighted average headway of all vehicles, average headway of all vehicles, standard deviation headway of all vehicles, skew headway of all vehicles, minimum headway of all vehicles, maximum headway of all vehicles
34Average speedTraffic attributesAverage weight average speed of all vehicles, standard deviation average speed of all vehicles, skew average of speed of all vehicles, the minimum average speed of all vehicles, the maximum average speed of all vehicles

1Independent and identically distributed. 2Truck and bus. 3Car. 4Motorcycle. 5Trailer and loader. 6Van and mini-truck