Low-Carbon Supplier Selection Using Fuzzy AHP and Goal Programming Approach

Table 1

Indicators selection and interpretation.

Selection criteria	Indicators selection	Indicator interpretations
Product cost	Product cost	Includes production cost, maintenance cost and warranty cost
	Transportation cost	Sum of fixed transportation cost and variable transportation cost per unit product
Product quality	Reject rate	Proportion of products returned due to quality problems
	Quality assurance	The supplier shall evaluate the product quality to ensure the quality
	Remedies to quality problems	Supplier’s ability to solve product quality problems
Service quality	Lead time	Time interval between ordering and supplier deliver
	Timely delivery	The supplier shall deliver the goods according to the specified time
	Technical support	Suppliers improve their technical level to meet the needs of enterprises
	Response efficiency	Suppliers respond quickly to changes in the enterprise (product demand, ordering frequency, etc.)
Product carbon emission	Carbon footprint verification	Carbon label of supplier’s products
	Transport carbon emission	Carbon emissions generated during the transportation of products from suppliers to enterprises