Human Capital and Rural Households’ Vulnerability to Relative Poverty: Evidence from China

Table 1

Summary statistics.

Variables	Definitions	Mean	Sd
Vulnerability	Vulnerability to relative poverty	0.554	0.288
HC index	Human capital index	0.400	0.243
Migration	Proportion of labor force migrating to the city for work	0.366	0.383
Health	Average health levels of the labor force	2.973	1.016
Working experience	Average years of working in the labor force	29.32	9.391
Education	Year of education of the labor force	6.266	3.367
Social network	Gift expenditure (yuan) of a household per year, taking the logarithm in regression model	7.055	2.377
Social status	Average self-rated social status of adult respondents in a household	3.042	0.806
Social trust	Average self-rated social trust of adult respondents in a household	1.747	1.475
Dependency rate	Proportion of children under 14 and elders over 65 in a household	0.0850	0.159
Age	Age of head of a household	49.65	11.15
Age2	Age square of the head of a household	2,590	1,096
Marriage	Marriage status of head of a household (married = 1)	0.906	0.291
Gender	Gender of head of a household (male = 1)	0.568	0.495
Water	Household has clean water such as tap water (yes = 1)	0.578	0.494
Cook	Household has clean fuel such as gas (yes = 1)	0.464	0.499
Land	Household has land (yes = 1)	0.941	0.235
Financial asset	Household has a land financial asset (yes = 1)	0.00500	0.0730
House	Household has independent property rights to housing (yes = 1)	0.938	0.241
Car	Household has a car (yes = 1)	0.164	0.370
Minorities area	Village the household lives in is a minorities area (yes = 1)	0.141	0.348
Mining area	Village the household lives in is a mining area (yes = 1)	0.0630	0.244
Polluting enterprise	There is a polluting enterprise in the village the household lives in (yes = 1)	0.144	0.352
Distance to county	Nearest distance from the village the household (yes = 1) lives in the county to which the village belongs (li)	54.40	42.19