Pension Security Level of Urban Employees in China Based on CHIPs
Table 3
Pension security levels in some countries (China and EU in 2018 and OECD in 2001).
European Union
Pension replacement rate (%)
European Union
Pension replacement rate (%)
OECD
Income replacement rate (%)
Italy
73
Netherlands
53
Canada
87
Spain
70
Romania
51
Germany
84
France
67
Belgium
50
Netherlands
81
Portugal
67
Czech republic
50
United States
80
Austria
62
Switzerland
50
Japan
80
Poland
60
Denmark
49
Italy
79
Hungary
59
Germany
46
Sweden
76
Norway
58
Lithuania
40
Finland
76
Sweden
56
Ireland
35
United Kingdom
74
United Kingdom
55
European Union (mean)
55
OECD (mean)
80
Finland
54
China
69
China
66
Source: the data of China (2018) are calculated by the author, using Stata measurement software according to CHIP 2018, and the data of EU are from Eurostat (2019); OECD (2001) data come from aging and income: financial resources and retirement in nine OECD countries.
