[Retracted] Can Swimming Teaching Prevent Drowning? An Experimental Study of Children in China

Table 1

The test results of descriptive statistics and repeated measures analysis of variance before and after the integration of water safety education for primary school students with swimming teaching.

Before and after	Group	Gender	Knowledge	Skill	Attitude	Behavior
Before the experiment	Control group	Male	3.10 ± 0.76	2.65 ± 0.72	3.62 ± 0.85	3.47 ± 1.39
		Female	3.36 ± 0.39	2.61 ± 1.11	2.90 ± 1.12	2.90 ± 1.56
		Overall	3.23 ± 0.60	2.63 ± 0.92	3.15 ± 1.28	3.17 ± 1.48
	Swimming group	Male	3.16 ± 0.90	2.76 ± 0.71	3.53 ± 1.27	3.33 ± 1.49
		Female	3.40 ± 0.93	2.55 ± 0.75	3.25 ± 1.71	2.90 ± 1.64
		Overall	3.27 ± 0.90	2.67 ± 0.72	3.55 ± 1.49	3.14 ± 1.54
	Teaching group	Male	3.05 ± 1.02	2.54 ± 0.82	3.69 ± 1.14	3.34 ± 1.33
		Female	3.36 ± 0.85	2.70 ± 1.06	3.11 ± 1.23	2.96 ± 1.64
		Overall	3.20 ± 0.93	2.61 ± 0.92	3.41 ± 1.49	3.16 ± 1.46
After the experiment	Control group	Male	3.15 ± 1.03	2.53 ± 0.88	3.43 ± 1.44	3.40 ± 1.36
		Female	3.39 ± 1.17	2.75 ± 1.27	2.90 ± 1.12	2.98 ± 1.40
		Overall	3.27 ± 1.09	2.65 ± 1.08	3.15 ± 1.28	3.18 ± 1.36
	Swimming group	Male	3.30 ± 0.93	3.75 ± 0.23	3.81 ± 1.28	4.02 ± 0.70
		Female	3.92 ± 1.10	3.66 ± 0.88	3.25 ± 1.71	3.22 ± 1.35
		Overall	3.59 ± 1.04	3.71 ± 0.61	3.55 ± 1.49	3.65 ± 1.10
	Teaching group	Male	4.20 ± 0.79	3.87 ± 0.52	2.47 ± 0.73	2.30 ± 1.25
		Female	4.46 ± 0.64	3.86 ± 0.49	1.96 ± 0.68	1.96 ± 1.28
		Overall	4.32 ± 0.72	3.87 ± 0.49	2.22 ± 0.74	2.14 ± 1.25
Main effect of time (F)			10.953	35.349	2.641	0.512
Gender main effect (F)			3.965	0.01	7.327	4.009
Group main effect (F)			3.151	5.701	3.334	3.195
Time × gender interaction effect (F)			0.113	0.84	0.001	0.016
Time × group interaction effect (F)			4.470	8.565	3.431	3.559
Gender × group interaction effect (F)			0.118	0.246	0.001	0.085
Time × group × gender interaction effect			0.212	0.232	0.009	0.113