Research Article

Farmers’ Willingness to Pay a High Premium for Different Types of Agricultural Insurance: Evidence from Inner Mongolia, China

Table 4

Variable measurement and descriptive statistics.

Variable classificationVariableVariable measurementMeanStandard deviation

First-stage dependent variableFarmers’ WTP for 60% of total cost productWilling to buy = 1; unwilling to buy = 00.820.38
Farmers’ WTP for total cost product0.760.43
Farmers’ WTP for the output product0.710.45

Second-stage dependent variableFarmers’ WTP level for 60% of total cost productThe log value of the premium payment level covering 60% of the total cost2.250.42
Farmers’ WTP level for total cost productThe log value of the premium payment level covering the total cost2.480.49
Farmers’ WTP level for the output productThe log value of the premium payment level covering the output value2.590.51

Individual characteristicsEducation level (edu)Elementary school and below = 1; junior high school = 2; high school or technical secondary school = 3; junior college and above = 41.740.75
Age (age)Statistics based on the actual age of the interviewed farmers47.219.69
Farming experience (year)Statistics based on the actual agricultural production time of the interviewed farmers: <20 = 1; 20∼30 = 2; 30∼40 = 3; >40 = 42.340.95
Risk aversion degree (risk)The quantity of property insurance and life insurance other than nonfinancial subsidy insurance0.380.59

Production and operation statusNet household income (inc)According to the actual consumption expenditure of rural households in 2016 and statistical indicators (ten thousand yuan): <1.16 = 1; 1.16–2.16 = 2; 2.16∼3.16 = 3; 3.16∼4.16 = 4; >4.16 = 52.791.19
Production specialization (spe)The proportion of corn planting income in total household income in 2016: <25% = 1; 25%∼50% = 2; 50%∼75% = 3; 75%∼100% = 42.911.13
Planting area (land)The actual corn planting area in 2016 taking the logarithmic value3.910.80
Agricultural insurance payment in the previous year (claim)Actual payment amount in 2015 (yuan/hm2)2.493.58
The largest disaster loss in history (deg)The degree of damage caused by the largest disaster in the past five years (division from 1 to 10)3.672.28

Risk aversion measuresDiversified planting levels (div)The number of crops being greater than 2, it is = 1; otherwise, it is = 00.520.5
Loans from banks and credit unions (loan)Actual loan amount in 2016 (ten thousand yuan)2.033.91

Note. The variables in parentheses are abbreviations.