Multivisit Drone-Vehicle Routing Problem with Simultaneous Pickup and Delivery considering No-Fly Zones
Table 5
Comparison of the solution results without considering no-fly zones.
Instance
Customer size
DFS
MP-ISA
Two-stage heuristic algorithm
Gap (%)
Gap0 (%)
Obj ($)
Time (s)
Obj ($)
Time (s)
Obj ($)
Time (s)
1P1
5
42.8899
0.1167
42.8899
52.7932
42.8899
25.3132
0.00
0.00
2P1
5
57.5957
0.0793
57.5957
49.8417
57.5957
25.2891
0.00
0.00
3P1
5
76.6143
0.0787
76.6143
67.1834
76.6143
25.1527
0.00
0.00
4P1
5
42.6159
0.0766
42.6159
45.9845
42.6159
25.2915
0.00
0.00
5P1
5
33.7257
0.0746
33.7257
53.7421
33.7257
25.2736
0.00
0.00
6P1
10
33.792
42554+
33.792
91.5788
33.792
27.1359
0.00
0.00
7P1
10
66.7995
45916+
66.7995
77.2730
66.7995
26.8150
0.00
0.00
8P1
10
65.5545
46132+
65.5545
89.7093
65.5545
26.4493
0.00
0.00
9P1
10
95.9622
42747+
95.9622
116.0718
95.9622
26.3039
0.00
0.00
10P1
10
53.0546
45574+
53.0546
75.3013
53.0546
26.3881
0.00
0.00
11P1
25
—
—
92.8342
111.0741
92.8342
27.9300
—
0.00
12P1
25
—
—
110.0705
107.5209
108.8239
27.8392
—
−1.13
13P1
25
—
—
84.0827
147.2939
76.1248
28.2309
—
−9.46
14P1
25
—
—
99.5778
98.6201
96.4696
28.0950
—
−3.12
15P1
25
—
—
110.4872
109.3823
114.1058
27.8189
—
3.28
16P1
50
—
—
99.4776
391.1732
99.1025
29.3064
—
−0.38
17P1
50
—
—
127.0030
446.4201
81.4187
29.3719
—
−35.89
18P1
50
—
—
92.7712
534.9052
92.7712
29.3531
—
0.00
19P1
100
—
—
150.5763
873.4260
141.0252
48.7691
—
−6.34
20P1
100
—
—
185.9799
848.1349
155.4059
31.6178
—
−16.44
The MP-ISA algorithm is written according to the algorithm architecture in the literature [15] and is coded by using Matlab 2018b. Its objective function is to calculate the total transportation cost of trucks and drones.