Research Article

Multivisit Drone-Vehicle Routing Problem with Simultaneous Pickup and Delivery considering No-Fly Zones

Table 5

Comparison of the solution results without considering no-fly zones.

InstanceCustomer sizeDFSMP-ISATwo-stage heuristic algorithmGap (%)Gap0 (%)
Obj ($)Time (s)Obj ($)Time (s)Obj ($)Time (s)

1P1542.88990.116742.889952.793242.889925.31320.000.00
2P1557.59570.079357.595749.841757.595725.28910.000.00
3P1576.61430.078776.614367.183476.614325.15270.000.00
4P1542.61590.076642.615945.984542.615925.29150.000.00
5P1533.72570.074633.725753.742133.725725.27360.000.00
6P11033.79242554+33.79291.578833.79227.13590.000.00
7P11066.799545916+66.799577.273066.799526.81500.000.00
8P11065.554546132+65.554589.709365.554526.44930.000.00
9P11095.962242747+95.9622116.071895.962226.30390.000.00
10P11053.054645574+53.054675.301353.054626.38810.000.00
11P12592.8342111.074192.834227.93000.00
12P125110.0705107.5209108.823927.8392−1.13
13P12584.0827147.293976.124828.2309−9.46
14P12599.577898.620196.469628.0950−3.12
15P125110.4872109.3823114.105827.81893.28
16P15099.4776391.173299.102529.3064−0.38
17P150127.0030446.420181.418729.3719−35.89
18P15092.7712534.905292.771229.35310.00
19P1100150.5763873.4260141.025248.7691−6.34
20P1100185.9799848.1349155.405931.6178−16.44

The MP-ISA algorithm is written according to the algorithm architecture in the literature [15] and is coded by using Matlab 2018b. Its objective function is to calculate the total transportation cost of trucks and drones.