Multivisit Drone-Vehicle Routing Problem with Simultaneous Pickup and Delivery considering No-Fly Zones

Table 7

Comparison of the route length and cost of different service modes.

Instance	T		SV		MV		Gap^2 (%)	Gap^3 (%)	Gap^4 (%)
	Distance (km)	Obj ($)	Distance (km)	Obj ($)	Distance (km)	Obj ($)
A-n32-k5	738.1991	575.7953	745.819	571.2777	828.419	564.9381	−1.8856	−0.7846	−1.1097
A-n33-k5	801.5456	625.2055	825.7149	626.4847	793.8946	529.5511	−15.2997	0.2046	−15.4726
A-n33-k6	810.0986	631.8769	815.2357	605.9259	830.2485	534.8869	−15.3495	−4.1070	−11.7240
A-n34-k5	745.5779	581.5508	767.1655	582.5211	783.3361	547.3998	−5.8724	0.1668	−6.0292
A-n36-k5	765.5458	597.1257	806.9042	599.5826	757.727	498.0142	−16.5981	0.4115	−16.9399
A-n37-k5	886.4948	691.466	935.3265	687.0653	871.7529	563.1101	−18.5629	−0.6364	−18.0413
A-n37-k6	903.252	704.5366	985.2481	698.3755	846.4771	529.8001	−24.8016	−0.8745	−24.1382
A-n38-k5	929.7825	725.2303	991.0106	728.839	912.556	575.2713	−20.6774	0.4976	−21.0702
A-n39-k5	1034.5045	806.9135	1117.8947	808.0433	1216.4278	788.8451	−-2.2392	0.1400	−2.3759
A-n39-k6	768.7777	599.6466	796.249	598.4917	776.3955	439.2096	−26.7553	−0.1926	−26.6139
11P1-n25	126.494	98.6653	128.4857	97.9666	151.2918	92.725	−6.0207	−0.7082	−-5.3504
12P1-n25	145.7094	113.6533	161.9125	114.7505	198.9515	109.9613	−3.2485	0.9654	−4.1736
13P1-n25	142.3196	111.0093	144.6392	108.8874	162.599	86.701	−21.8975	−1.9115	−20.3755
14P1-n25	157.2703	122.6708	162.1433	122.0907	182.9461	110.7984	−9.6783	−0.4729	−9.2491
15P1-n25	177.2852	138.2824	179.6048	136.1605	202.3291	126.3671	−8.6166	−1.5345	−7.1925
16P1-n50	156.5053	122.0741	163.0477	122.1651	193.818	101.4892	−16.8626	0.0745	−16.9246
17P1-n50	137.9246	107.5812	137.8106	105.4266	163.1893	82.8185	−23.0177	−2.0028	−21.4444
18P1-n50	147.8966	115.3593	152.1841	115.3782	177.0224	94.7828	−17.8369	0.0164	−17.8503
19P1-n100	243.4945	189.9257	262.7141	190.4973	359.6466	178.1814	−6.1836	0.3010	−6.4651
20P1-n100	240.157	187.3224	241.7924	187.3469	369.4272	179.7767	−4.0282	0.0131	−4.0407