Cluster Synchronization in Networked Phase Oscillators under Periodic Coupling

Figure 2

(Color online) the results for and . (a1–c1) are the values of versus the coupling amplitude, for different cases , respectively. Black symbols and red lines, respectively, represent the numerical and theoretical results. (a2–c2) are, respectively, the bifurcation trees of oscillators for different cases , i e., the effective frequencies, , with respect to the coupling amplitude, . The vertical dotted lines represent the critical coupling strength . For better display, the number of the oscillators is 1,000 evenly extracted from of the simulations, and only the effective frequencies in the range are displayed.