Designing a Policy-Making Model for Biomass Energy Development Training in the Agricultural Supply Chain Sector
Table 3
Secondary codes resulting from qualitative data content analysis (biomass energy development education policy in agriculture).
Symbol
Initial codes
Secondary codes
TMB1
Improper management of plant residues at the farm level Poor structure and low percentage of organic matter in agricultural soils of Iran Little skill of farmers in biomass energy training due to the complex nature of biomass energy Increasing weeds and little experience of farmers in biomass energy management
Technical and managerial
TMB2
TMB3
TMB4
SIB1
Failure to use the capacity of nongovernmental organizations in biomass energy development programs Absence of specific and binding laws to support biomass energy Inconsistency between relevant organizations and institutions in the process of policy-making and program implementation Absence of network communication between actors of biomass energy development
Structural and institutional
SIB2
SIB3
SIB4
PPB1
Absence of a strategic and long-term plan for developing biomass energy in the country Lack of regulatory procedures to control the effective implementation of policies and programs Inconsistency between biomass energy policies and other sector policies Lack of using participatory and user-oriented models in planning
Policy-making and planning
PPB2
PPB3
PPB4
EKB1
Lack of applied research in different fields of biomass energy Lack of attention to biomass energy education in agricultural colleges and conservatories Poor performance of the promotion system in disseminating biomass energy knowledge to users Lack of biomass energy knowledge among researchers, policymakers, managers, and experts
Educational and scientific
EKB2
EKB3
EKB4
AB1
The traditional attitude of farmers towards plowing and removing plant residues from the soil surface Misunderstanding of biomass energy by planners, researchers, and experts
Attitudinal
AB2
FCB1
Allocation of funds and small credits for the development of biomass energy Temporary reduction in the economic efficiency of the product in the early years of biomass energy implementation The small financial ability of farmers to accept the risk of crop reduction in the early years Having few bank facilities and financial resources to buy tools
Finance and credit
FCB2
FCB3
FCB4
SSB1
Absence of subsidy policies to support biomass energy Lack of proper insurance coverage for biomass energy Limited access of farmers to institutions Lack and incompatibility of biomass energy machines and tools with farm conditions
