Competition, Survival Issue, and Performance Constraints of Banks: Evidence from Ethiopian Private Commercial Banks

Table 1

List of variables and their measurement.

	Description	Proxy tools	Description of ratio
Camel approach	Capital adequacy	CAR	Capital adequacy ratio =
		TCTA	Total capital/total assets
		DER	Debt/equity ratio
	Assets quality	LLP/TL	LLP/total loan
		TL/TA	Total loan/total assets
		TI/TA	Total investment/total assets
	Management efficiency	NP/Em	Net profit/no. of employees
		NIETE	Noninterest expense/total expense
		TL/TD	Total loan/total deposits
		TL/Bra	Total loan/no. branches
	Earning quality	TInc/TA	Total income/total assets
		NI/E	Net income/equity
		NII/TA	Net-interest income/total assets
		II/Tinc	Interest income/total income
	Liquidity position	TLA/TD	Total liquid assets/total deposits
		Cash/TD	Cash/total deposits
Financial performance	Profitability	ROA	Net income/total assets
		NIM	Interest income-interest expense total assets
DEA variables		Input variables	Output variables
		Interest expense	Interest income
		Operating expense	Noninterest income
		Deposits	Loans
		Capital	Investment
		Labor