Calcium Channel Autoantibodies Predicted Sudden Cardiac Death and All-Cause Mortality in Patients with Ischemic and Nonischemic Chronic Heart Failure

Table 2

Clinical characteristics of CHF patients with SCD and NSCD subgroups.

Characteristics	DCM (𝑛=732)		𝑃	ICM (𝑛=1099)		𝑃
	NSCD (𝑛=146)	SCD (𝑛=102)		NSCD (𝑛=209)	SCD (𝑛=121)
Age (years)	57.94±14.67	57.98±14.76	0.982	69.62±10.84	68.78±10.35	0.487
Male gender, 𝑛 (%)	107 (73.29%)	74 (72.55%)	0.959	165 (78.95%)	97 (80.17%)	0.929
MHR (beats/min)	78.66±18.39	79.43±15.74	0.751	75.60±16.39	75.48±16.02	0.942
Hypertension, 𝑛 (%)	48 (32.88%)	31 (30.39%)	0.766	130 (62.20%)	69 (57.02%)	0.643
Hyperlipidemia, 𝑛 (%)	12 (8.22%)	10 (9.80%)	0.693	66 (31.58%)	34 (28.10%)	0.627
Diabetes mellitus, 𝑛 (%)	18 (12.33%)	15 (14.71%)	0.636	76 (36.36%)	29 (23.97%)	0.089
PVC, 𝑛 (%)	39 (26.71%)	30 (29.41%)	0.726	39 (18.66%)	28 (23.14%)	0.430
AF, 𝑛 (%)	47 (32.19%)	21 (20.59%)	0.125	28 (13.39%)	15 (12.40)	0.819
QRS duration (ms)	119.49±40.50	109.79±32.71	0.156	102.38.10±22.29	105.11±24.00	0.921
QTc (ms)	453.81±80.99	447.73±106.04	0.651	443.74±104.56	445.52±62.58	0.862
NYHA
II	27 (18.49%)	33 (32.35%)	0.052	93 (44.50%)	50 (41.32%)	0.724
III	60 (41.10%)	44 (43.14%)	0.838	69 (33.01%)	48 (39.67%)	0.403
IV	59 (40.41%)	25 (24.51%)	0.064	47 (22.49%)	23 (19.01%)	0.546
LVEF (%)	31.26±9.38	32.62±9.15	0.880	40.09±9.29	38.39±9.33	0.261
LVEDD (mm)	68.15±12.92	65.51±9.85	0.292	58.08±9.45	60.19±9.29	0.151
CC-AAbs	10 (6.85%)	13 (12.75%)	0.153	17 (8.13%)	12 (9.92%)	0.614
BNP (pg/mL)	2127.51±355.79	2123.03±366.57	0.924	2002.27±385.21	1995.56±387.05	0.877
ACEI, 𝑛 (%)	89 (60.96%)	52 (50.98%)	0.410	148 (70.81%)	77 (63.64%)	0.555
Diuretic, 𝑛 (%)	101 (69.18%)	76 (74.51%)	0.709	146 (69.86%)	82 (67.77%)	0.865
Digoxin, 𝑛 (%)	110 (75.34%)	61 (59.80%)	0.260	142 (67.94%)	79 (65.29%)	0.826
𝛽-blockers, 𝑛 (%)	108 (73.97%)	78 (76.47%)	0.866	151 (72.25%)	85 (70.25%)	0.874
CCBs, 𝑛 (%)	2 (1.37%)	0	—	34 (16.27)	23 (19.01%)	0.595
ICD, 𝑛 (%)	1 (0.68%)	1 (0.98%)	0.801	4 (1.91%)	2 (1.65%)	0.867

Values are mean ± SD or number (%). 𝑃<0.05 was considered significant comparing with NSCD group. PVC indicated frequent premature ventricular beats (more than 3000 beats/24 h). AF: atrial fibrillation; ACEI: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; BMI: body mass index; CHF: chronic heart failure; NYHA: New York Heart Association; CC-AAbs: calcium channel autoantibodies; DCM: dilated cardiomyopathy; ICM: ischaemic cardiomyopathy; LVEDD: left ventricular end-diastolic diameter; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; MHR: mean heart rate; ICD: implantable cardioverter defibrillator; SCD: sudden cardiac death; NSCD: nonsudden cardiac death.