| | | SLE () | % | RA () | % | Controls () | % |
| | Age (years, average ± SD) | 37,5 ± 10,41 | 52,65 ± 10,150 | 35,1 ± 9,138 | | Disease time (months, average ± SD) | 105,48 ± 93,83 | 135,70 ± 103,39 | — | | IL-9 levels (pg/mL) | 12,26 ± 25,235 | 4,77 ± 3,618 | 1,22 ± 0,706 | | Gender | | | | | | | | Female | 114 | 97,44 | 64 | 95,52 | 24 | 100 | | Male | 3 | 2,56 | 3 | 4,48 | 0 | 0 | | Active nephritis | 24 | 20,51 | — | — | — | — | | Rash | 13 | 11,11 | — | — | — | — | | Alopecia | 12 | 10,26 | — | — | — | — | | Anti-DNA positive | 16 | 14,16 | — | — | — | — | | SLEDAI | 3,31 ± 3,804 | | | | | | SLICC | 1,008 ± 1,276 | — | — | — | — | | Positive RF | — | — | 48 | 72,73 | — | — | | — | — | 35 | 52,24 | — | — | | DAS28 | — | — | 4,84 ± 1,353 | — | — | | CDAI | — | — | 20,75 ± 13,453 | — | — | | ESR (mm/h) | — | — | 41 ± 22,000 | — | — | | Treatment | | | | | — | — | | Corticosteroids | 90 | 77,6 | 51 | 76,1 | — | — | | Antimalarials | 70 | 60,3 | 13 | 19,4 | — | — | | Methotrexate | — | — | 44 | 65,7 | — | — | | Leflunomide | — | — | 26 | 38,8 | — | — | | Azathioprine | 38 | 32,8 | — | — | — | — | | Mycophenolate mofetil | 12 | 10,3 | — | — | — | — | | Biological therapy | — | — | 5 | 7,5 | — | — |
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