Research Article
Albumin-to-Alkaline Phosphatase Ratio: A Novel Prognostic Index for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Table 1
Clinicopathological characteristics of 3 independent cohorts.
| | | Training cohort | Validation cohort I | Validation cohort II | | | | | |
| | Patient factors | | | | | Male gender | 183 (84.3%) | 223 (87.1%) | 378 (88.9%) | | Age (years, mean ± SD) | 54.0 ± 11.4 | 57.8 ± 10.1 | 60.4 ± 12.1 | | Hepatitis B | 190 (87.6%) | 208 (81.2%) | 346 (81.4%) | | Hepatitis C | 7 (3.2%) | 9 (3.5%) | 28 (6.6%) | | Non-B/non-C | | | | | Alcohol liver disease | 4 (1.8%) | 7 (2.7%) | NA | | Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease | 10 (4.6%) | 24 (9.4%) | NA | | No known chronic liver disease | 6 (2.8%) | 8 (3.1%) | NA | | Child-Pugh class | | | | | A | 207 (95.4%) | 253 (98.8%) | 266 (62.6%) | | B | 9 (4.1%) | 3 (1.2%) | 132 (31.1%) | | C | 1 (0.5%) | 0 (0.0%) | 27 (6.3%) | | Liver function test | | | | | Albumin (g/L, mean ± SD) | 38.6 ± 4.7 | 41.0 ± 4.4 | 36.5 ± 15.8 | | Bilirubin (μmol/L, mean ± SD) | 12.6 ± 11.7 | 11.3 ± 5.8 | 39.0 ± 68.1 | | ALT (IU/L, mean ± SD) | 61.6 ± 44.4 | 51.7 ± 39.1 | 80.0 ± 68.9 | | ALP (IU/L, mean ± SD) | 97.5 ± 39.5 | 96.0 ± 70.7 | 208.6 ± 157.5 | | Albumin/ALP (AAPR, median) | 0.45 (IQR: 0.33–0.54) | 0.48 (IQR: 0.38–0.63) | 0.21 (IQR: 0.13–0.33) | | Tumour factors | | | | | Tumour size (cm, mean ± SD) | 5.2 ± 3.2 | 5.2 ± 3.8 | 9.2 ± 4.8 | | Histological grade | | | | | Well-differentiated | 31 (14.3%) | 45 (17.6%) | NA | | Moderately differentiated | 150 (69.1%) | 187 (73.3%) | NA | | Poorly differentiated | 36 (16.6%) | 23 (9.0%) | NA | | Multiple tumours | 51 (23.5%) | 57 (22.3%) | 304 (71.5%) | | Vascular invasion | 63 (28.6%) | 70 (27.3%) | 163 (38.4%) | | Liver capsular breach | 22 (10.1%) | 22 (8.6%) | NA | | Lymph node metastasis | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 63 (14.8%) | | Distant metastasis | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 82 (19.3%) | | AJCC stage | | | | | I | 118 (54.4%) | 155 (60.5%) | 73 (17.2%) | | II | 55 (25.3%) | 54 (21.1%) | 95 (22.4%) | | III | 44 (20.3%) | 47 (18.4%) | 141 (33.2%) | | IV | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 116 (27.3%) | | BCLC stage | | | | | 0/A | 155 (74.4%) | 207 (80.9%) | 26 (6.1%) | | B | 16 (7.4%) | 16 (6.2%) | 103 (24.2%) | | C | 45 (20.7%) | 33 (12.9%) | 266 (62.6%) | | D | 1 (0.5%) | 0 (0%) | 30 (7.1%) | | CLIP score | | | | | 0 | 109 (50.2%) | 148 (57.8%) | 29 (6.8%) | | 1 | 69 (31.8%) | 76 (29.7%) | 71 (16.7%) | | 2 | 31 (14.3%) | 27 (10.5%) | 97 (22.8%) | | 3 | 6 (2.8%) | 5 (2.0%) | 106 (24.9%) | | 4/5/6 | 2 (0.9%) | 0 (0%) | 122 (28.7%) | | CUPI score | | | | | Low risk | 202 (93.1%) | 243 (94.9%) | 167 (39.3%) | | Intermediate risk | 14 (6.5%) | 12 (4.7%) | 187 (44.0%) | | High risk | 1 (0.5%) | 0 (0%) | 71 (16.7%) | | JIS score | | | | | 0 | 18 (8.3%) | 35 (13.7%) | 0 (0%) | | 1 | 106 (48.8%) | 130 (50.8%) | 59 (13.9%) | | 2 | 68 (31.3%) | 55 (21.5%) | 167 (39.3%) | | 3/4/5 | 25 (11.6%) | 36 (14.1%) | 199 (46.8%) | | Serum AFP (μg/L, median) | 90.0 (IQR: 10.5–1042.0) | 37.0 (IQR: 4.2–382.8) | 357.0 (IQR: 21.0–15430.0) |
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IQR: interquartile range; NA: not available; SD: standard derivation.
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