Albumin-to-Alkaline Phosphatase Ratio: A Novel Prognostic Index for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Table 3
Univariate and multivariate analyses of prognostic factors in the training cohort.
Prognostic factor
Overall survival
Disease-free survival
Univariate
Multivariate
Univariate
Multivariate
HR
95% CI
P value
HR
95% CI
Pvalue
HR
95% CI
P value
HR
95% CI
P value
Patient factors
Male gender
1.726
0.895–3.332
0.104
1.635
0.952–2.806
0.075
Age
1.021
1.002–1.040
0.027
1.015
0.996–1.036
0.126
1.012
0.996–1.029
0.134
Hepatitis B
0.888
0.493–1.597
0.691
0.953
0.571–1.591
0.855
Hepatitis C
1.353
0.495–3.699
0.556
1.401
0.614–3.198
0.423
Cirrhosis
1.921
1.229–3.002
0.004
1.901
1.194–3.028
0.007
1.430
0.991–2.063
0.056
Tumour factors
Tumour size (cm)
1.006
1.000–1.011
0.034
1.005
1.000–1.010
0.034
Histological grade
4.125
1.673–10.171
0.002
1.136
0.752–1.717
0.545
3.285
1.666–6.480
0.001
1.107
0.780–1.570
0.570
Multiple tumours
3.120
2.021–4.816
<0.001
2.885
1.965–4.236
<0.001
Vascular invasion
4.371
2.862–6.676
<0.001
3.159
2.181–4.576
<0.001
AJCC stage
2.657
2.079–3.395
<0.001
2.265
1.719–2.985
<0.001
2.400
1.937–2.972
<0.001
2.077
1.623–2.658
<0.001
BCLC stage
1.938
1.569–2.393
<0.001
1.859
1.540–2.243
<0.001
CLIP score
1.773
1.458–2.156
<0.001
1.790
1.500–2.136
<0.001
CUPI score
2.047
1.130–3.707
0.018
2.266
1.341–3.830
0.002
JIS score
2.142
1.762–2.604
<0.001
1.883
1.564–2.268
<0.001
Blood parameters
AFP ≥500 μg/L
1.893
1.244–2.883
0.003
1.465
0.916–2.341
0.111
1.985
1.384–2.847
<0.001
1.422
0.955–2.118
0.083
AAPR (>0.68/0.23–0.68/<0.23)
3.347
1.966–5.699
<0.001
2.357
1.354–4.102
0.002
2.464
1.550–3.916
<0.001
1.852
1.158–2.964
0.010
MELD
2.951
1.419–6.136
0.004
0.999
0.894–1.119
0.875
1.197
1.086–1.321
<0.001
1.068
0.964–1.184
0.208
Tumour size, multiplicity, vascular invasion, and staging systems with lower -index than AJCC were excluded in the multivariate analyses to minimize multicollinearity.