Review Article
Steroid Hormone Receptor Signals as Prognosticators for Urothelial Tumor
Table 2
Molecules regulated by sex hormone receptor signaling in urothelial carcinoma.
| | Associated receptor signaling | Effect on urothelial carcinogenesis and/or cancer progression | Hormone effect | Reference |
| CD24 | AR | Stimulation | Upregulation | [88] | β-catenin | AR | Stimulation | Upregulation | [92, 93] | Slug | AR | Stimulation | Upregulation | [42] | EGFR | AR | Stimulation | Upregulation | [31] | ERBB2 | AR | Stimulation | Upregulation | [31] | Akt | AR/ERα | Stimulation | Upregulation/downregulation | [31, 51] | ERK1/2 | AR | Stimulation | Upregulation | [31] | Cyclin D1 | AR | Stimulation | Upregulation | [26] | Cyclin D3 | AR | Stimulation | Upregulation | [29] | Cyclin E | AR | Stimulation | Upregulation | [29] | FGFR3 | AR | Stimulation | Upregulation | [29] | UGT1A | AR/ERβ | Inhibition | Downregulation/upregulation (SVHUC) | [28, 110] | p53 | AR | Inhibition | Downregulation | [29, 118] | p21 | AR | Inhibition | Downregulation | [29, 118] | PTEN | AR | Inhibition | Downregulation | [29] | c-myc | AR | Stimulation | Upregulation | [29] | Bcl-xL | AR | Stimulation | Upregulation | [26] | MMP-9 | AR | Stimulation | Upregulation | [26] | ELK1 | AR | Stimulation | Up-regulation | [33] | GATA3 | AR/ERβ | Inhibition | Downregulation/upregulation (SVHUC) | [29] | INPP4B | ERα | Inhibition | Upregulation | [51] |
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AR: androgen receptor; ER: estrogen receptor.
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