Circulating Semaphorin 4D as a Marker for Predicting Radiographic Progression in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis

Table 2

The levels of inflammatory cytokines and regulators of bone turnover between RA patients and healthy controls.

Characteristics	RA ()	Control ()	value
TNF-α (pg/mL)	2.5 [0.5–3.9]	1.1 [0–2.8]	0.001
IL-6 (pg/mL)	7.6 [3.0–28.1]	0.6 [0–3.1]	<0.001
IL-22 (pg/mL)	0 [0–0]	0 [0–0]	0.316
IL-23 (pg/mL)	0 [0–8.7]	0 [0–0]	<0.001
Osteopontin (pg/mL)	5.8 [2.2–12.8]	6.0 [3.6–9.6]	0.742
Sclerostin (pg/mL)	26.2 [12.6–50.2]	31.8 [20.4–58.1]	0.001
Dkk-1 (pg/mL)	4665.7 [3846.0–5397.7]	4826.0 [3996.1–6086.6]	0.142

Values are expressed as the median [IQR 25–75%]. TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor-α; IL: interleukin; Dkk-1: Dickkopf-1.