Disease Markers

Research Article

Amino Acid-Based Metabolic Profile Provides Functional Assessment and Prognostic Value for Heart Failure Outpatients

Table 3

COX univariate and multivariable analysis in HFrEF, HFmrEF, and HFpEF patients.


	HFrEF		HFmrEF		HFpEF
	Univariate HR (95% CI)	Multivariable HR (95% CI)	Univariate HR (95% CI)	Multivariable HR (95% CI)	Univariate HR (95% CI)	Multivariable HR (95% CI)

	5.78 (2.99-11.16)^†	3.80 (1.56-9.25)^†	29.95 (4.01-103)^†	9.60 (1.12-62.3)	4.48 (2.07-9.70)^†	3.05 (1.09-8.57)
Age (years)	1.03 (1.01-1.45)^†	1.02 (1.01-1.04)	1.05 (1.01-1.09)	0.97 (0.92-1.02)	1.04 (1.01-1.07)	1.01 (0.97-1.05)
Sex	1.46 (0.86-2.48)		1.18 (0.43-3.25)		1.59 (0.65-3.93)
LVEF (%)	0.99 (0.96-1.01)		0.85 (0.72-1.01)		0.99 (0.94-1.04)
Hypertension	1.38 (0.88-2.15)		3.62 (0.84-15.58)		39.9 (1.56-102)
Diabetes mellitus	1.02 (0.67-1.55)		2.40 (0.92-6.25)		1.90 (0.90-4.03)
COPD	0.70 (0.28-1.73)		0.49 (0.067-3.67)		2.17 (0.75-6.26)
Ischemic	1.35 (0.88-2.07)		0.76 (0.30-1.91)		0.64 (0.29-1.41)
BMI (kg/m²)	0.97 (0.92-1.02)		0.84 (0.75-0.93)^†	0.93 (0.82-1.05)	0.98 (0.90-1.07)
Cholesterol (mg/dl)	1.00 (0.99-1.01)		1.00 (0.99-1.01)		1.00 (0.99-1.01)
Triglyceride (mg/dl)	1.00 (0.99-1.01)		1.00 (0.99-1.01)		1.00 (0.99-1.01)
Serum sodium (mEq/l)	0.99 (0.99-1.00)		0.99 (0.99-1.00)		1.01 (0.99-1.03)
Albumin (g/dl)	0.36 (0.25-0.52)^†	0.41 (0.25-0.65)^†	0.46 (0.20-1.06)		0.37 (0.16-0.83)	0.40 (0.17-0.95)
QRS (msec)	1.00 (0.99-1.01)		0.99 (0.98-1.01)		0.99 (0.98-1.00)
BNP (log)	3.84 (2.26-6.53)^†	2.02 (1.16-3.50)	8.27 (2.30-29.66)^†	3.36 (1.02-11.0)	2.15 (1.04-4.46)	1.47 (0.63-3.43)

and ^† in the COX univariate and multivariable analysis. CI: confidence interval; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; HF: heart failure; HOP: histidine, ornithine, and phenylalanine; HR: hazard ratio; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; LVrEF: ; LVmrEF: ; LVpEF: .