Research Article
CTLA-4 +49A/G Polymorphism Increases the Susceptibility to Bladder Cancer in Chinese Han Participants: A Case-Control Study
Table 1
Patient demographics and risk factors in bladder cancer.
| | Variable | Cases () | Controls () | |
| | Age (years) | | | 0.541 | | Sex | | | 0.464 | | Male | 303 (85.4%) | 363 (83.4%) | | | Female | 52 (14.6%) | 72 (16.6%) | | | Smoking | | | <0.001 | | Yes | 251 (70.7%) | 180 (41.4%) | | | No | 104 (29.3%) | 255 (58.6%) | | | Drinking | | | <0.001 | | Yes | 233 (65.6%) | 173 (39.8%) | | | No | 122 (34.4%) | 262 (60.2%) | | | Tumor grade | | | | | High () | 227 (63.9%) | | | | Low (G1) | 128 (36.1%) | | | | Tumor size (cm) | | | | | <3 | 263 (74.1%) | | | | ≥3 | 92 (25.9%) | | | | TNM stage | | | — | | I | 78 (22.0%) | — | — | | II | 100 (28.2%) | | | | III | 104 (29.3%) | | | | IV | 73 (20.6%) | | | | Tumor node metastasis | | | | | Yes | 108 (30.4%) | | | | No | 247 (69.6%) | | | | Distant metastasis | | — | — | | M0 | 332 (93.5%) | — | — | | M1 | 23 (6.5%) | — | — | | Histology | | | | | Papillary | 291 (82.0%) | | | | Nonpapillary | 64 (18.0%) | | |
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