Associations of Bone Turnover Markers with Cognitive Function in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis

Table 2

Neuropsychiatric test and multiplex bead-based immunoassay of bone turnover markers in hemodialysis participants and reference control subjects.

	Hemodialysis participants ()	Reference control subjects ()
Neuropsychiatric test
Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)			<0.001
Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument (CASI)			<0.001
(i) Long-term memory			0.051
(ii) Short-term memory			0.018
(iii) Attention			0.006
(iv) Mental manipulation			<0.001
(v) Orientation			0.037
(vi) Abstract thinking			0.022
(vii) Language			0.06
(viii) Spatial construction			<0.001
(ix) Name fluency			0.07
Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D)			0.54
Bone turnover markers
Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (RANKL) (ng/ml)			0.029
Dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK1) (ng/ml)			0.99
Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) (ng/ml)			<0.001
Leptin (ng/ml)			<0.001
Osteocalcin (OC) (ng/ml)			<0.001
Osteopontin (OPN) (ng/ml)			0.012
Osteoprotegerin (OPG) (ng/ml)			<0.001
Sclerostin (SOST) (ng/ml)			<0.001