Serum Clusterin: A Potential Marker for Assessing the Clinical Severity and Short-Term Prognosis of Hepatitis B Virus-Related Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure
Table 1
Clinical baseline characteristics of study subjects.
Characteristics
Normal controls ()
HBV-non-ACLF ()
HBV-ACLF ()
value
Age (years)
0.157
Male, (%)
35 (79.5%)
52 (82.53%)
85 (78.70%)
0.236
Alanine aminotransferase (U/L)
19.20 (15.00, 32.70)
451.60 (55.00, 1768.70)
502.15 (297.0, 1863.2)
<0.001
Aspartate aminotransferase (U/L)
18.70 (11.70, 35.10)
434.80 (76.20, 1714.90)
452.40 (334.0, 1520.7)
<0.001
Total bilirubin (μmol/L)
12.25 (3.70, 15.50)
▲▲
<0.001
Albumin (g/L)
47.20 (29.40, 53.40)
<0.001
Prothrombin activity (%)
79.00 (75, 118.00)
77.90 (29.30, 124.00)
35.00 (13.00, 39.50)▲▲
<0.001
International normalized ratio
1.02 (0.89, 1.29)
1.16 (0.87, 2.07)
2.01 (1.49, 5.32)▲▲
<0.001
White blood cell count (×109/L)
▲
0.016
Neutrophil count (×109/L)
2.71 (2.25, 10.67)
3.4 (0.86, 21.29)
5.81 (0.81, 72.31)▲
<0.001
Lymphocyte count (×109/L)
1.82 (1.07, 3.31)
▲
<0.001
NLR
1.85 (0.83, 7.46)
▲▲
<0.001
Platelet count (×109/L)
0.031
Serum creatinine (mg/dL)
57.00 (42.00, 84.00)
68.00 (28.00, 108.00)
62.80 (33.00, 197.40)
0.152
Clusterin (μg/mL)
213.45 (144.57, 313.48)
188.56 (70.22, 325.36)
51.09 (12.17, 188.62)▲▲▲
<0.001
Underlying disease
Chronic hepatitis, (%)
—
44 (69.84%)
72 (66.67%)
0.209
Liver cirrhosis, (%)
—
19 (30.16%)
36 (33.33%)
0.161
Hepatitis B e antigen (+), (%)
—
58 (92.06%)
103 (95.37%)
0.230
HBV DNA (log10 IU·mL-1)
—
0.365
MELD score
—
27.74 ± 10.21▲▲
0.003
Precipitating events
Spontaneous clearance of HBV
—
61 (96.83%)
103 (95.37%)
0.131
NUC cessation
—
2 (3.18%)
5 (4.63%)
0.205
NUC resistance
—
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
—
Hormone or immunosuppressive drugs
—
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
—
Complications
Ascites, (%)
—
19 (30.15%)
35 (32.41%)
0.064
Hepatic encephalopathy, (%)
—
5 (7.93%)
29 (26.85%)▲▲
0.003
Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, (%)
—
15 (23.81%)
31 (28.70%)
0.190
Hyponatremia, (%)
—
15 (23.51%)
33 (30.56%)
0.325
Gastrointestinal bleeding, (%)
—
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
—
Hepatorenal syndrome, (%)
—
2 (3.17%)
9 (8.33%)▲
0.021
Data are presented as (%), , or median (minimum, maximum). Bold values are significant at . HBV-non-ACLF vs. normal controls: ,, and . HBV-ACLF vs. HBV-non-ACLF: ▲,▲▲, and ▲▲▲. Abbreviations: HBV-ACLF: hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure; NLR: neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio; NUC: nucleos(t)ide analog.
